<p>The Yale-Cady Octagon House and Yale Lock Factory Site is a private residence at 7550 North Main Street in Newport, New York, comprising an historic octagonal house and the adjoining site of the lock factory of Linus Yale, Sr. and his son Linus Yale, Jr., the inventor of the cylinder lock and the founders of the Yale Lock company.</p><br>
<p>Linus Yale, Sr., built the house in 1849 as a gift for his daughter, Chlothilda, who had married Ira L. Cady on July 8, 1839, father of architect Merton Yale Cady. Currently, the house is a private residence and the Yale Lock Factory is in ruins.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.</p><br>
<p>It is a property with several interesting details, including overhanging eaves with pairs of curvilinear brackets, cupola and bay windows which are typical of the Italianate style.</p><br>
<p>The Deacon West Octagon House, built in 1856  by Deacon Josiah West, is an historic eleven-room octagon house located at 370 High Street, in Pewaukee, Wisconsin, United States. The wooden sign posted in front of the house states, "Josiah West 1854 Octagon House." It is only one of 19 such structures in the state.</p><br>
<p>Deacon West was a blacksmith in Pewaukee. Octagon houses (and barns) were a brief fad started in the 1850s, claiming to use less building material and less fuel to heat than conventional rectangular floorplans. West built his house on top of the only hill in Pewaukee - three stories tall, with walls of grout - an early form of concrete - covered with plaster. The roof was low-pitched and hipped.</p><br>
<p>West sold the house to Ira Rowe in 1866, and around 1873 it was partially destroyed by fire, but its strong 18 in cement walls remained standing. In 1873 Col. N. P. Inglehart of Kentucky bought the house and rebuilt it more or less in its present form, with the Italianate-styled window frames and bracketed eaves, which were popular by the 1870s, but probably not the original 1850s ornamentation. The roof was crowned with a belvedere, allowing a better view of the lake, village, and the countryside, but it was destroyed in a windstorm in the early 1900s. The house passed through several owners until Margaret Ann Kirley sold the house to her son and current owner, Jeffrey D. Kirley in 1998.</p><br>
<p>It features stucco covered walls and a metal peak in lieu of a cupola.</p><br>
<p>On May 12, 1975, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The Palmer Brother&#39;s Octagons are two historic octagonal houses built by brothers, Dr. Horace Palmer and Monroe Palmer in or near West Salem, Wisconsin.</p><br>
<p>The Palmer-Gullickson Octagon House, the larger of the two, was built in 1856. With the help of Rachel Gullickson the West Salem Historical society was able to buy this house for preservation and use as a museum. It is located at 358 Leonard St. in West Salem.</p><br>
<p>The Palmer-Lewis Octagon House was built in 1857. It has been moved to another location on Leonard Street, and attached to a smaller structure.</p><br>
<p>On August 7, 1979, they were added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>Westminster College Gymnasium is a historic athletic building on the campus of Westminster College in Fulton, Missouri. The building is famous for being the site of Winston Churchill&#39;s March 5, 1946 "Sinews of Peace" speech, in which he coined the phrase "Iron Curtain" to characterize the growing Cold War. In 1968, the gymnasium was designated a National Historic Landmark.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Westminster College Gymnasium stands prominently on the western edge of the greensward created by the CF Lampkin Drive, a loop road providing access to a portion of the college&#39;s campus. It is a two-story brick building, 80 x, with Classical Revival features. The front is five bays wide, with the center three projecting. The bays of the central portion are articulated by fluted Corinthian pilasters, and are topped by tall decorative parapet. Windows on the upper floor are set in round-arch windows, while those in the first floor are regular sash. The interior of the building is arranged with a central lobby flanked by office wings, and the gymnasium arena occupying most of the rear of the structure. The interior, in particular the gym space, has been relatively little altered since its construction, which was in 1928–29.</p><br>
<p>Westminster College decided to invite Winston Churchill to make a speech on its campus in 1946, during a planned trip. Churchill&#39;s agreement was secured through the work of Major General Harry Vaughan, a Westminster alumnus on the staff of United States President Harry S. Truman. Churchill agreed, and the speech he delivered on March 5, before a crowd of 2,000 in this gym, has since been immortalized for its dramatic description of the political climate in Europe. He stated that</p><br>
<p>From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the Continent.</p><br>
<p>The speech focused on the United Nations, nuclear proliferation and expansionist activities of the Soviet Union.</p><br>
<p>Westminster College maintains the National Churchill Museum at the reconstructed St Mary Aldermanbury nearby.</p><br>
<p>The Lane Place was the home of Sen. Henry S. Lane  and Joanna Lane . It is located at 212 South Water Street in Crawfordsville, Indiana. Helen Elston Smith, the Lanes niece, inherited the house after Joannas death. She willed the house and its contents to the Montgomery County Historical Society on February 26, 1931. 85%-90% of all of the furnishings are either original to the house or belonged to the Elston Family. The house has been a museum since 1931 even though Helen continued to live in the home until the mid-1930s.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1981. It is located in the Elston Grove Historic District.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Lane Place was added onto an existing three-room brick cottage, which was built in 1831 by Maria and Isaac Elston. Major Isaac Elston was the father of Joanna Lane, Henrys second wife. Sen. Henry Lane purchased this cottage and the 4 acre surrounding it from Isaac Elston in the fall of 1844 when he and Joanna Elston married. Susan Wallace, the sister of Joanna Lane, met her future husband Lew Wallace at a party that was taking place in the houses formal parlor. Sen. Henry Lane was a lawyer and prominent Indiana politician who served in the Indiana legislature and the House of Representatives while with the Whigs. He was then elected Governor of Indiana in 1860 on the Republican ticket, but was soon elected as a Senator instead and served a term between 1861 and 1867. In 1865 he was the Indiana delegate at Lincoln&#39;s funeral. In addition, Sen. Lane was one of the leading men to help form the Republican Party.</p><br>
<h2>Additions to the Lane Place</h2><br>
<p>As soon as Henry Lane purchased the three room cottage in 1844 the house was too small for his bride and himself. Henry and Joanna were married in February and 1845 and then moved into the cottage where they immediately began adding onto their home. In 1870 a Library was added onto the first floor. The 1831 kitchen was converted into a Serving Pantry and a kitchen was added onto the rear of the Pantry. In 1885 Helen Elston Smith came to live with the Lane&#39;s and another bedroom was added onto the second story of the house. There was also a porch added onto the first and second story of the house on the north side. The roof of the original sleeping loft was raised and converted into two rooms. In 1900 the breezeway between the old cottage and new editions was enclosed.</p><br>
<h2>House Colors</h2><br>
<p>The house has been painted various colors since 1845. The Lane Place was painted white through all the additions to the house while Henry and Joanna lived at the property. After Henrys death on June 18, 1881, Joanna painted the house gray in mourning. The house was temporarily painted pink under Helens ownership from around 1914 to 1920. In 1920 the house was painted yellow. The house remained yellow until 1945 when The Montgomery County Historical Society decided to return it to white. The house has remained white since then.</p><br>
<h2>Strawberry Festival</h2><br>
<p>The grounds of the Lane are the home of the Annual Crawfordsville Strawberry Festival. The Strawberry Festival was started by Joanna as a social gathering for drinking tea. It is held every year in June.</p><br>
<p>The USA Custom House and Post Office is a court house at 815 Olive Street in downtown St. Louis.</p><br>
<p>It was designed by architects Alfred B. Mullett, William Appleton Potter, and James G. Hill, and was constructed between 1873 and 1884. Located at the intersection of Eighth and Olive Streets, it is one of four surviving Federal office buildings designed by Mullett. The others are the Eisenhower Executive Office Building, a part of the White House complex in Washington, D.C., the Century Post Office in Raleigh, North Carolina, and the USA Custom House in Portland, Maine.</p><br>
<p>It is built in the Second Empire architectural style that was popular in the post American Civil War era.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The three-story monumental granite building is 234 ft long and 179 ft deep. It includes a basement, sub-basement and attic level, with 16 ft ceilings at the basement levels and 10 ft thick foundation walls, which are surrounded by a 25 ft deep dry moat for light and ventilation. The basement connects to a tunnel under 8th Street that was used for the delivery of mail to the post office. The basement material is red Missouri granite, while the upper floors are gray granite from Hurricane Island, Maine, between 3 ft and 4 ft in thickness. The building surrounds a skylit inner courtyard, 48 ft by 55 ft.</p><br>
<p>High ceilings predominate in the main structure, with first floor ceilings at 26 ft and second and third floors at 22 ft. Interior structure is a mixture of wrought and cast iron, supporting arched brick floors in a system that was referred to at the time of construction as "fireproof." The building&#39;s windows were provided with fireproof shutters.</p><br>
<p>The principal facade is the southern, along Olive Street, which features an iron mansard dome. Each street elevation features a central pavilion which in turn bears a portico. The Olive Street elevation&#39;s pediment is ornamented by the 1877 sculpture "America at War and America at Peace" by Daniel Chester French, his first major commission. Double-hung windows are set in cast iron frames throughout the building. Cast iron trim and molding frames interior sides of windows and doors. Interior detailing was extensive, with art glass panels, mosaic tile floors and bronze door knobs imprinted with the Seal of the United States. Thirty offices on the second, third and fourth floors featured red Bologna marble fireplace mantels.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Customhouse and Post Office was constructed under the supervision of architect James G, Hill and construction superintendent Thomas Walsh, for a total cost of $5,686,854.68. The third floor of building was occupied by the U.S District Court until 1935, when it moved to new quarters at 12th and Market streets. The Post Office remained until 1970, occupying the main basement and the first floor. A number of Federal agencies were housed on the fourth floor.</p><br>
<p>The United States District Court for the Eastern District of Missouri met at this courthouse until 1935, and the USA Circuit Court that district met here until that court was abolished in 1912. The USA Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit met here from 1891 until 1935. It was transferred from the USA General Services Administration to the State of Missouri through the Federal Historic Surplus Property Program in September 2004. It is currently a mixed-use facility serving federal, state, and private purposes. The building was to the downtown campus for Webster University until the campus was relocated to the adjacent Arcade Building upon the completion of its renovation in late 2015. Soon after, Lindenwood University announced it would relocate its downtown campus to Webster University&#39;s former space. The Missouri Court of Appeals, Eastern District, also occupies the building.</p><br>
<p>The Harry S. Truman Farm Home, also known as the Solomon Young Farm, is a historic farm property at 12301 Blue Ridge Blvd in Grandview, Missouri. The farm property, first developed in the 1860s, was the residence of future USA president Harry S. Truman from 1906 to 1917. The house is part of Harry S. Truman National Historic Site, and is a designated National Historic Landmark.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Truman Farm Home is located in a commercially developed area of Grandview, between Blue Ridge Boulevard and Interstate 49. The site consists of a farm house (built in 1894-95 after the 1867 house was destroyed by fire); a reconstructed smokehouse; the Grandview post office-turned-garage (Truman moved it to the farm to store his 1911 Stafford automobile); a restored box wagon once used on the farm; and several stone fence posts marking the original boundaries of the farm, plus other original and reconstructed buildings.</p><br>
<p>The farmhouse was built in 1894 by Harry Trumans maternal grandmother, Harriet Louisa Gregg, and is the centerpiece of a 5.25 acre remnant of the familys former 600 acre farm. Truman worked the farm from 1906-1917, when he was 22 years old until he was 33. It was here, said Truman&#39;s mother Martha, that Harry got his "common sense". After his grandmother died, ownership of the property was contested by her heirs, the costs of which eventually forced Martha out of the house in 1940. The President was eventually able to recover much of the property, and considered it a desirable place to establish his presidential library. This did not happen, and Truman sold off most of the land for development in the 1950s.</p><br>
<p>A surviving 10 acre part of the Truman farm is now owned by the National Park Service, forming part of the Harry S. Truman National Historic Site. There is no visitor center on the site, but the grounds are open for self-guided tours and an audio tour is available. Guided tours were formerly conducted during the summer, but were cancelled in 2013 due to sequestration-related budget cuts.</p><br>
<p>The Elm Street Fire Station is a historic fire station in Gardner, Massachusetts. Built in 1897, it is a little-altered example of a Late Victorian fire station, with a number of distinctive period features. The station was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980, at which time it was still in active service. It was included in the Gardner Uptown Historic District in 1999. The building is presently vacant.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Elm Street Fire Station stands in a residential area east of downtown Gardner, at the northeast corner of Elm and Cherry Streets. It is a 2-1/2 story brick building, with hip roof. At its left front corner, a square tower rises four stories, with an open belfry at the top and a pyramidal roof with flared eaves. The front facade houses three equipment bays on the ground floor, each with original double-leaf glazed wooden doors set in segmented-arch openings. The second floor has bands of three windows set above each bay, with stone sills and segmented-arch headers. The main roof eave is lined with modillion blocks.</p><br>
<p>When it was built in 1897, the building had a number of innovative features. It used a distinctive suspension system to support the building&#39;s second story without the need for columns, using steel rods attached to the load bearing outside walls. Other interior facilities include systems for automatically dropping harnesses onto waiting horses, which were at the time the means by which fire equipment was moved.</p><br>
<p>The First Ministers House is a historic house at 186 Elm Street in Gardner, Massachusetts. The house was built in 1792 and served as the church parsonage for Rev. Jonathan Osgood, pastor of Gardners First Congregational church and also a physician. It is one of Gardner&#39;s finest examples of late Georgian architecture. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979, and included in the Gardner Uptown Historic District in 1999.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The First Minister&#39;s House stands in a residential area east of downtown Gardner, on the east side of Elm Street at its junction with Bond Street. It is a -story wood-frame structure, with a hip roof, two interior chimneys, and a clapboarded exterior. The main facade is five bays wide, with windows arranged symmetrically about the center entrance. The building corners are finished in wooden trim that resembles quoining, and the main eave is lined with modillion blocks. The first floor windows are topped by a corniced entablature also adorned with blocks. The entry has a four-light rectangular transom window set under a half-round arch, and is flanked by pilasters rising to a gabled pediment. A 20th-century ell and garage extend to the rear of the building. The interior retains a number of original finishes, including wide floorboards and fireplace mantels.</p><br>
<p>The house was built in 1792 for Jonathan Osgood, the first settled minister of Gardner&#39;s First Congregational Church. Architecturally, it is a late example of Georgian design, with a number of elements in its appearance that are from the then-popular Federal style. Its second owner was Deacon Lawrence, and it was reported to be a stop on the Underground Railroad during his ownership. Suffragist and abolitionist, Lucy Stone frequently visited the house because it was home to her sister, Sarah Lawrence.</p><br>
<p>The Garbose Building is a historic commercial building located at 4-12 Pleasant Street in Gardner, Massachusetts. Built in the mid-1880s, it was extensively restyled in the 1910s, and now stands as one of the city&#39;s finest examples of Colonial Revival architecture. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on April 12, 1983, and included in the West Gardner Square Historic District on December 30, 1985.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Garbose Building is prominently located in the commercial heart of downtown Gardner, at the southwest corner of Parker and Pleasant Streets in West Gardner Square. It is a three-story masonry structure, built with a wood frame and finished with red brick with marble trim. Its ground floor has three storefronts and the main building entrance facing Pleasant Street, each section separated from the other by a brick pilaster with marble capitals. A frieze band separates the first and second floors. Second-floor windows are three-part, with marble keystones and springers. Third-floor windows are set in recessed round-arch panels, with both the rectangular window opening and arch top having marble keystones. A decorative cornice is topped by a low parapet and flat roof.</p><br>
<p>When built in the mid-1880s, the building was in the then-popular Second Empire style, with clapboarded exterior and mansarded tower at the corner. It was built by Guy Garland, and provided stores on the ground floor, offices on the second, and an auditorium on the third. Its transformation from Second Empire to Colonial Revival styling took place during the ownership of the Ryan Brothers, sometime between 1907 and 1921.</p><br>
<p>The Gardner News Building is a historic commercial building located at 309 Central Street in Gardner, Massachusetts. Built in 1906, it has served since its construction as the home of the Gardner News, a mainstay of the local news industry. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on November 14, 1979, and included in the West Gardner Square Historic District on December 30, 1985.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Gardner News Building anchors the northern end of Gardner&#39;s downtown commercial district, occupying a corner lot facing south at Vernon and Central Streets. It is a three-story brick structure, roughly trapezoidal in shape due to its lot configuration, and is adorned with sandstone and brick trim. Its main facade faces roughly south toward Central Street, and is roughly divided into three sections. The outer sections have two bays of windows on the third floor, and projecting bay windows on the second floor. The right section has the main building entrance, while that on the left has a three-part window with stone lintel. The center section of the building has three window bays on each level. There are courses of corbelled brickwork above and below the third floor, and the building is crowned by a brick parapet.</p><br>
<p>The Gardner News was founded in 1869 by A.G. Bushnell, a native of nearby Templeton. It was published weekly until 1897, when it merged with the Gardner Daily. This building was constructed for the newspaper in 1906. It was designed by the Boston firm of Fox and Gale</p><br>
<p>The Heywood-Wakefield Company Complex is a historic factory complex at 206 Central Street in Gardner, Massachusetts. The complex, located at the corner of Central and Elm in West Gardner, has its origins in a chair manufacturing business established in 1826 by the Heywood brothers. The current brick factory buildings date to the later decades of the 19th century. The property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Gardners long history as a center of chair manufacturing began in 1806, when James Comee began making them with hand tools in 1805. Walter Heywood was an apprentice of his, and with his brother William opened their own shops in the 1820s. Their shop, located near the historic town center, burned in 1834. Levi Heywood, another brother, built a replacement shop on the site of the present surviving factory buildings the following year. This move, and the subsequent economic success of the Heywoods, resulted in a major shift of the towns economic center to West Gardner, where it remains today.</p><br>
<p>The surviving company complex stands on 12.5 acre on the east side of downtown Gardner, running from Lake Street in the north to Cross Street in the south. Central Street cuts diagonally across the complex in its northern third. No structures survive from the site&#39;s 1835 beginning, which was largely destroyed by fire in 1860. The only building to survive from the rebuilding program that followed is the 1863 building 5; subsequent expansion and building programs transformed the site into the one that survives today. In 1897 the Heywood company merged with the Wakefield Rattan Company, resulting in another expansion. The company suffered from competition and labor problems in the 20th century, and closed its doors in 1978. The surviving buildings have since been repurposed to other uses.</p><br>
<p>The Gardner Uptown Historic District is a historic district encompassing the former civic heart of Gardner, Massachusetts. The 65 acre area includes the old town common, an early cemetery, and a modest number of non-residential buildings among a larger number of houses. The area was the center of civic life from the incorporation of Gardner in 1785 until municipal functions were moved to West Gardner beginning in the late 1920s. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.</p><br>
<p>The focal center of the district is the old town green, and the brick Victorian Gothic First Congregational Church. The green is adjacent to a major local road junction, a small rotary where Elm, Pearl, Green, and Central Streets meet. The district radiates along these streets, with additional properties on the adjacent sections of Woodland Avenue and Heywood Street, which abut on the common and the old cemetery.</p><br>
<p>Most of the buildings in the district date to the 19th century, with the majority of houses exhibiting either Greek Revival or Colonial Revival styling. Among the earliest buildings is the First Ministers House at 186 Elm Street, a Georgian/Federal house built in 1792 for Rev. Jonathan Osgood. Prominent architect-designed buildings in the district include the Levi Heywood Memorial Library Building, which was, like the First Congregational Church, designed by Fuller & Delano of Worcester, and the Syndicate Block, one of the districts few commercial buildings, which was designed by George Clemence.</p><br>
<p>The Lake Street Fire Station is an historic fire station in Gardner, Massachusetts. Built in 1884 to house a school and a fire company, it served as a school for just a few years, and as a fire station until the 1980s. It is architecturally distinguished as a good local example of late Victorian architecture. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980, and included in the West Gardner Square Historic District in 1985.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The former Lake Street Fire Station is located in downtown Gardner, occupying a parcel of land between Richmond and Central Streets, facing east toward a plaza that was once part of Lake Street, and the former Heywood-Wakefield Company Complex. It is a 2-1/2 story masonry structure, built out of red brick and covered by a gabled roof. Its ground floor main facade has four former equipment bays, now filled with large multipane windows and the building&#39;s current main entrance, and a former pedestrian entrance at the left. Each of these openings has a segmented-arch top, formed out of soldier bricks. The center bay has a projecting wood-frame oriel window, with a gable in the roof line above. The flanking windows are narrower, with segmented-arch openings that have shoulders and lintels of stone, and arches of soldier bricks.</p><br>
<p>The fire station was built in 1884, and originally housed a school on the second floor, which moved out in 1890. It also had a small lockup in the basement, which was later converted to a boiler room. The station originally had four bays for firetrucks, and a tower for drying hoses.</p><br>
<p>The Blue Moon Diner, originally the Miss Toy Town Diner, is a historic diner in Gardner, Massachusetts. Built in 1949, it is well-preserved example of a late-model barrel-roofed diner manufactured by the Worcester Lunch Car Company. It has been located at its present location since 1954. The diner was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Blue Moon Diner is located on the east side of Gardners Main Street, on the southern edge of the central business district. The diner is set on a concrete foundation, and is oriented perpendicular to the road, with its parking area to the south. A wood frame addition to the east provides space for the kitchen and additional table space. The diner itself is seven bays long and three wide, and has a barrel roof, now covered in shingles. The main entrance is one of the diners original entrances, at the western (street-facing) end, sheltered by a canopy; the eastern entry to the diner now provides access to the addition. The exterior of the diner is finished in porcelain enamel panels with integral polychrome graphics, and the entry doors are stainless steel. The interior features a marble counter, fourteen counter stools, and booths lining the southern wall. The booths are wooden, with tables that have laminated tops. Tile work on the interior is predominantly blue and cream, with accents in black and white.</p><br>
<p>The diner was built by the Worcester Lunch Car Company in 1949, and was originally located in Winchendon, where it was known as the Miss Toy Town Diner. It was moved to Gardner in 1954. The diner, which has seen a succession of owners, was restored in 1984, and is the only diner in Gardner.</p><br>
<p>The diner was used as a scene in the movie School Ties featuring Brendan Fraser. In the movie the name of the diner was changed to Skip&#39;s Diner.</p><br>
<p>The Jabez Partridge Homestead is an historic farmstead at 81 Partridge Road in Gardner, Massachusetts. With its oldest part dating to about 1772, it is one of the oldest buildings in the town, built by an early settler, and is a good example of Federal period architecture. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Jabez Partridge Homestead is located in a rural area of southern Gardner, on the east side of Partridge Road. Its main block is a -story frame structure, with a gabled roof, central chimney, and clapboarded exterior. The main facade is five bays wide, with windows arranged symmetrically around a center entrance. The entrance is flanked by pilasters and topped by a transom window and corniced entablature. Attached to the rear of this block is an older -story frame building, also finished in clapboards. A barn and dairy shed stands across the street.</p><br>
<p>The oldest portion of the house, the ell, was built before 1786, and is generally attributed a construction date of 1772. The house was built by Jabez Partridge, an early settler of the area. Partridge was active in town affairs, signing the petition for the town&#39;s incorporation in 1785.</p><br>
<p>The West Gardner Square Historic District encompasses the historic commercial, civic and industrial downtown area of Gardner, Massachusetts. Developed industrially beginning in the early 19th century, the area now boasts a concentration of late 19th and early 20th century commercial, civic, and industrial architecture. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The town of Gardner was incorporated in 1785 out of parts of surrounding towns, with its original town center located northeast of the present commercial downtown. It developed beginning in the early 19th century as a center for the manufacture of furniture, in particular chairs, powered by waters of local streams. By the 1840s the town was an acknowledged leader in chair making, employing some 350 people in that trade. The town&#39;s civic focus shifted from the original center to be nearer the industrial area. The arrival of railroads in 1847 and 1871 spurred increased growth.</p><br>
<p>The historic district encompasses most of downtown Gardners historic civic, commercial, and industrial buildings. It is centered around the five-way intersection of Vernon, Parker, Central, Main, and West Lynde Streets. Commercial and civic resources radiate mainly west and south from there, with three large surviving mill complexes to the east. Most of the commercial buildings range in height from one to four stories, while buildings in the industrial mill complexes range up to six stories in height. There are only a few wood-frame residential structures in the area, which typically predate the late 19th-century development period. The district includes the towns major civic buildings, including its town hall, public library, and post office. Buildings individually listed on the National Register include the Garbose Building, the Gardner News Building, the Lake Street Fire Station, and the Heywood-Wakefield Company Complex.</p><br>
<p>The Langworthy House, also known as the Octagon House, is a historic building located in Dubuque, Iowa, United States. Built in 1856, it was designed by local architect John F. Rague for local politician Edward Langworthy. The two-story brick home features tall windows, a columned entry, and a windowed cupola. Langworthy and three of his brothers were among the first settlers in Dubuque. They were partners in a lead mine, helped to build the territorial road between Dubuque and Iowa City, they farmed, invested in real estate, and they owned a steamboat and a mercantile exchange. The house has been passed down through Langworthy&#39;s descendants.</p><br>
<p>US Post Office - Yerington Main is a one-story red brick building in Yerington, Nevada listed on the National Register of Historic Places on February 28, 1990. It is the first and only federally-constructed post office in the city of Yerington.</p><br>
<p>The building was built in 1939 and was designed by Louis A. Simon and L.F. Dow & Co.</p><br>
<h2>Physical Appearance</h2><br>
<p>The building&#39;s roof is a copper-clad hipped one. The structure of the establishment consists of concrete footings, basement and, brick walls, and steel framing. The basement and first floor are separated by a sandstone water table. Sandstone is used in the window sills and lintels. And for the frieze and cornice, and entry architrave, wood is used. A flat built-up tar composition roof covers the back end and the hipped roof over the front portion of the building is clothed by ribbed-copper. The symmetrically arranged front façade is horizontal in orientation. The central entry is divided by 5 bays with 2 window bays on each side. 6 granite steps and granite landing give access to the leading entrance. The main entrance has double aluminum-framed glass panel doors. A 2-panel wooden transom bar is above the doors. ‘YERINGTON NEVADA’ written in bronze letters are attached to the frieze. The bronze letters ‘UNITED STATES POST OFFICE’ are attached at the center of the main entrance.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The building does not have a distinctive architectural outfit in the body of statewide architecture, it is the sole structure of this specific style in Yerington city. Just like most of the buildings constructed at the time of the Depression era, the Post Office uses Classical symmetry and proportion.</p><br>
<h2>Significance</h2><br>
<p>The Post Office is notable for the locals for its architecture and politics, and on the state level for art. It was constructed during the Depression era like the other small-town post offices constructed in Nevada. But it is an unaltered example of a small-town post office and federal office building because of its design and standardized plans. The Post Office and the mural show the efforts of the federal government through its public works and art programs to help communities during a period of economic emergency. Adolph Gottlieb&#39;s 1941 mural, Homestead on the Plain, is one of only three United States post office murals created in Nevada. It illustrates a significant type, period, and style of artistic expression that connects with the history of its locality.</p><br>
<p>The Capt. Rodney J. Baxter House is an historic octagonal house at South and Pearl Streets in Barnstable, Massachusetts. Built in 1850, it is Barnstable&#39;s only example of an octagon house, built closely to designs advocated by Orson S. Fowler and briefly popular in the 1850s. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Baxter House stands one block off the downtown area of the village of Hyannis, on the south side of South Street at its junction with Pearl Street. The house is located on the west side of its lot, with the smaller carriage house to the east. The house is two stories, with stuccoed concrete walls 18 in thick, and a bracketed flat roof topped by an octagonal cupola. Two of its eight sides have entrances: the one facing the street is a simpler entrance sheltered by a bracketed hood, while that facing east is sheltered by a single-story porch extending across that facade, with a spindled balustrade and turned posts. Most of the other facades have two windows on each level; some have only one. The interior of each level has a central square chamber, around which are four smaller rectangular chambers, with the remaining triangular spaces used as closets. The carriage house, one story in height has a similar exterior finish and a smaller footprint, and is topped by smaller octagonal cupola. A two-leaf vehicle entrance is topped by a half-round fan; both the fan and the doors have strap woodwork decoration.</p><br>
<p>The house was built about 1850 for Rodney J. Baxter, a sea captain engaged mainly in the transatlantic trade. The house was built according to principles articulated by Orson Squire Fowler in The Octagon House, A Home for All, which formed the basis for the designs of numerous similar houses across the country. The house closely follows Fowlers guidelines, including the use of concrete for the walls. At the time of its listing on the National Register in 1987, it was still owned by Baxters descendants.</p><br>
<p>The Harry S. Truman Historic District is a National Historic Landmark District encompassing sites closely associated with US President Harry S. Truman in Independence, Missouri. It includes the Truman Home at 219 North Delaware, Truman&#39;s home for much of his adult life and now a centerpiece of the Harry S. Truman National Historic Site, and the Truman Presidential Library. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971, and was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1974.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Wallace House (also called the Truman Home), 219 North Delaware Street, Independence, Missouri, would be the home of Harry S. Truman, on-and-off, after his marriage to Bess Wallace, on June 28, 1919, until his death on December 26, 1972. Bess Truman&#39;s maternal grandfather, George Porterfield Gates, built the house over a period of years from 1867 to 1895.</p><br>
<p>Besss mother, Madge Gates Wallace, wanted the couple to live there with her. Bess had lived with her mother after Besss father, David Willock Wallace, committed suicide in 1903, both of them moving in with Madges parents. Also in 1919, Harry was putting all of his money into the mens clothing store of Truman & Jacobson open at 104 West 12th St. in downtown Kansas City, so living at the Wallace home made good financial sense.</p><br>
<p>After the haberdashery failed, in 1922, Harry and Bess could not afford to move to a new home. So they would continue living there while Harry paid off the debts from the store. That same year he went into politics, and would eventually move to Washington, D.C. Whenever they came back to Missouri, the Wallace House was their home.</p><br>
<p>The Trumans only child Mary Margaret was born in the home on February 17, 1924. The site also includes the two adjacent homes of Mrs. Trumans brothers, and, across Delaware Street, the home of the Presidents favorite aunt and cousins. Guided tours of the site are conducted, and a visitors center is housed in a nearby historic firehouse.</p><br>
<p>After he retired in 1953, until the Truman Library was opened on July 6, 1957, the Wallace House was also his office.</p><br>
<p>Truman is one of the few Presidents who never owned a home. He would live with family members in his early life, then the Wallace House, rented apartments and houses in Washington (including 4701 Connecticut Avenue), Blair House (the official state visitors&#39; residence), and the White House, but never a house that he had purchased.</p><br>
<p>Fort Belle Fontaine  is a former USA military base located in St. Louis County, Missouri, across the Mississippi and Missouri rivers from Alton, Illinois. The fort was the first USA military installation west of the Mississippi, in the newly acquired Louisiana Territory, and served as a starting point for many expeditions to the American West.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Located on the south bank of the Missouri River, in present-day Missouri, Fort Belle Fontaine was first a Spanish military post. After the Louisiana Purchase, and after the USA government&#39;s William H. Harrison and representatives of the Native American Sac and Fox tribes signed a treaty on November 3, 1804, the fort in 1805 became a fur trading post of the USA government. Rudolf Tiller served as factor and Colonel Thomas Hunt served as the military commander.</p><br>
<p>The trading post was discontinued after 1808, and from 1809 to 1826 the facility served as a United States military fort. From about 1809 to 1815, it served as the headquarters of the Department of Louisiana, and was the regional Army headquarters during the War of 1812. Its sister forts were Fort Osage along the Missouri near modern Kansas City, which controlled trade with western Indians; and Fort Madison in what is now Iowa, which controlled trade of the Upper Mississippi.</p><br>
<p>The Old Fort Belle Fontaine Cemetery was established in 1809, when Lieutenant Colonel Daniel Bissell moved the original Fort Belle Fontaine encampment to a new location. The cemetery was located about 100 yards or so southwest from the Cantonment buildings, which during the period of 1805 to 1826 had interments of at least 30–40 military officers, and about 100 enlisted soldiers. The location was confirmed to be along the bluffs on the south bank of the Missouri River about a hundred yards southeast along the bluff past the old abandoned block house, when W.T. Norton visited the site in 1911. The old cemetery on the bluff was strewn with rocks and mortar, the debris of old tombs. All the tombs were in a more or less ruinous condition. The tombs were built of masonry, about two feet above the ground, and upon them rested the memorial tables. Most of the inscriptions were illegible. In 1904, newspaper stories, most notably in The St. Louis Republic, recorded the recovery and moving of 33 burials with headstones to the new Jefferson Barracks National Cemetery. A considerable number of unmarked burials remain at the now-decertified cemetery. The article in The St. Louis Republic included rough photos and drawings of the site. This old cemetery is not related to the Bellefontaine Cemetery established in 1849 on the road leading to Fort Belle Fontaine, and initially called the Rural Cemetery.</p><br>
<h2>Preservation</h2><br>
<p>Part of the site of the fort is preserved as the Fort Belle Fontaine County Park, a unit of the park system of St. Louis County, Missouri. An archaeological site associated with the fort was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2016.</p><br>
<p>The Utz Site, designated by the Smithsonian trinomial 23SA2, is a major Native American archaeological site in Saline County, Missouri, located on bluffs overlooking the Missouri River. Partially preserved in Van Meter State Park, it is the site of one of the largest early Contact Native villages in the region, which was occupied by the Missouri tribe from c. 15th to the late 18th centuries, and was probably their principal village area during their first contact with Europeans. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1964.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Utz Site is located in central Missouri, north of the city of Marshall and south of Miami. It is roughly 200 acre in size. A small portion is in an outlying part of Van Meter State Park, whose main feature is the so-called Old Fort; the rest is on private land. It is on a series of grassy hills, roughly 2 mi south of the present course of the Missouri River.</p><br>
<p>The site was first noted by French explorers, beginning with Pere Marquette, whose 1673 map placed "Messourit" Indians here. It appears to have been abandoned about 1728, around the time a French fort on the river to the north was also abandoned, as there is a distinct absence of European trade goods from after that time. The site has been known for some time, due in part to its proximity to the Old Fort&#39;s distinctive earthworks, and was first studied archaeologically in the 1940s.</p><br>
<p>The ancestral people preceding the Missouri tribe, who also lived on the Utz site, are defined as Oneota.</p><br>
<p>Sanborn Field is an agricultural experiment field, located on the University of Missouri campus in Columbia, Missouri. Established in 1888, it was the first facility in the United States intended to measure erosion and run-off for differing crops and agricultural practices. Work at Sanborn Field was influential in the establishment of soil conservation policy in the United States. The field was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1964.</p><br>
<p>The field is currently managed as part of the Agricultural Extension Station under the university&#39;s School of Natural Resources.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Sanborn Field is located on the east side of the University of Missouri campus, on land purchased by the state for the university campus during the 1870s. It is roughly 7 acre in size, and is bounded by Bouchelle Avenue, Connaway Hall, Rollins Street, and College Avenue. Once in a rural area, the field is now surrounded by built-up portions of Columbia. It is subdivided into plots measuring 52.5 x.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The field was established by Dean J.W. Sanborn, who sought to understand the value of manure as a fertilizer, and the use of crop rotation. In 1914, emphasis was shifted away from manure and toward chemical fertilizers. Other experiments focused on the recovery of exhausted soils. The plots continue to be used today for long-term experimentation on differing schemes for the management of agricultural lands.</p><br>
<p>Chlortetracycline, the first tetracycline to be identified, was discovered in a sample of soil collected from plot 23 of Sanborn field in 1945.</p><br>
<p>The Petty–Roberts–Beatty House, also known as the Octagon House, is an historic octagonal house in Clayton, Alabama, United States. The structure was one of only two antebellum octagonal houses built in Alabama and is the only one to survive.</p><br>
<p>This unusual house was built by Benjamin Franklin Petty starting in 1859 and completed in 1861. Petty was a carriage and furniture merchant who was a native of New York and pioneer settler of Clayton. The house was patterned after a design made popular by Orson Squire Fowler&#39;s book, A Home For All, or the Gravel Wall and Octagon Mode of Building which was published in 1854.</p><br>
<p>In April 1865, the house was used as staff headquarters for Union Cavalry Commander General Benjamin H. Grierson. Petty&#39;s heirs sold the property to Judge and Mrs. Bob T. Roberts in 1901. In 1981, under the administration of Mayor Edward C. Ventress, the property was purchased from the estate of Mary Roberts Beatty Armistead by the Town of Clayton which has overseen its renovation.</p><br>
<p>The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 21, 1974.</p><br>
<p>The Longfellow–Hastings House, also known as the Octagon House, is an historic octagon house that was located at 85 South Allen Avenue in Pasadena, California. The house was built in 1893 by Gilbert Longfellow, who had previously built a similar house on the Atlantic coast. The two-story house has a frieze and a dentilated cornice and was originally surrounded by a verandah. It is one of the few octagon houses remaining in the Western United States.</p><br>
<p>The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on March 2, 1982. It is now located at the Heritage Square Museum, its home since the mid-1980s.</p><br>
<p>The William H. McCreery House, also known as The McCreery House, operates as a wedding and event venue in Loveland, Colorado. It was built by William H. McCreery in 1900 and is an historic hexagonal house located at 746 North Washington Avenue in Loveland, Colorado.</p><br>
<p>In 2001 it was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>Its original portion was built in 1892.</p><br>
<p>The Bradley–Wheeler House, also known as the Charles B. Wheeler House, is a historic house museum located at 25 Avery Place in Westport, Connecticut. Built ca. 1795 and restyled in the Italianate mode about 1867, it is one of the oldest surviving houses in Westport center. It was home to a procession of prominent local businessmen in the 19th century, and also includes a distinctive cobblestone barn that is the only known example of its type in the state. On July 5, 1984, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Bradley–Wheeler House stands just south of Westports central Veterans Green, on the north side of Avery Place. It is a -story wood-frame structure, with a clapboarded exterior and a shallow-pitch hip roof with a broad cupola at its center. Its main facade is five bays wide, with a single-story hip-roof porch across its width. Sash windows are topped by peaked cornices, and there are paired circular windows set in a frieze band in the attic level.</p><br>
<h2>Current use</h2><br>
<p>The house is the headquarters of the Westport Museum for History and Culture (formerly the Westport Historical Society) and was operated as a Victorian-era historic house museum. On display were a furnished parlor room, dining room, bedroom and kitchen.</p><br>
<p>The Museum now displays changing exhibits of local history, art, and photography in its galleries.</p><br>
<p>The Bradley Wheeler Cobblestone Barn, located behind the house, is a heptagonal (seven-sided) barn with a conical octagonal roof. The barn is open seasonally and by appointment. Beginning in 2021, the barn underwent a restoration. According to the Museum&#39;s website, "the project included restoration of original windows, replacement lighting, floor and roof replacement, and interior climate conditioning to protect the building from climate-change provoked extremes of heat, cold and moisture that are very different from when the structure was originally built."</p><br>
<p>The T. R. R. Cobb House built in 1842 is an historic octagon house originally located at 194 Prince Avenue in Athens, Georgia. On June 30, 1975, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The original part of the home of Thomas Reade Rootes Cobb is a Greek Revival four-over-four "Plantation Plain" built about 1834. The house given in 1844 to Cobb and his new wife, Marion Lumpkin, as a gift from his father-in-law, Joseph Henry Lumpkin, the first Chief Justice of the Georgia Supreme Court. Cobb made additions to the house of new rooms, and by 1852, it had acquired its octagon shape and two-story portico. Cobb died in 1862, and his widow remained in the house until 1873 when she sold it. The house was maintained and the Cobb family was served by the two dozen enslaved people Cobb owned, who lived behind the main house.</p><br>
<p>Until 1962, the house was used for a variety of purposes including rental property, a fraternity house, and a boarding house. In 1962, the Archdiocese of Atlanta bought the house to use as the rectory and offices for St. Joseph Catholic Church. In the 1980s, the parish was planning to demolish the house, and the Stone Mountain Memorial Association stepped forward in 1984, bought it, and relocated it to Stone Mountain Park in 1985.</p><br>
<p>The restoration of the house never took place because of lack of funding, and the house sat for nearly twenty years. In 2004 the Watson-Brown Foundation bought the house and returned it to Athens in the spring of 2005. The Watson-Brown Foundation restored the house to its appearance of 1850; in 2008, the Georgia Trust gave their work its Preservation Award for excellence in restoration.</p><br>
<p>The house was delisted from the National Register in 1985, but was re-listed on July 23, 2013.</p><br>
<p>The house is now open as a house museum located at 175 Hill Street in Cobbham Historic District. The same foundation also operates other historic house museums in Georgia including Hickory Hill in Thomson and the May Patterson Goodrum House in Atlanta.</p><br>
<p>The William Waterfield House, also known as the Waterfield Octagon House, is a historic building located in Raymond, Iowa, United States. Built in 1867, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places on October 19, 1978. Waterfield was a New Jersey native who settled in Iowa in 1856 as a farmer, eventually operating a hotel in Raymond, possibly in this house. He was a student of phrenology and as a result he built this octagon house. Its 2 ft thick walls are covered with stucco, which hides its exterior of ashlar limestone. The house is capped with an unusual hipped roof that is formed by extending its east and west roof planes.</p><br>
<p>The Enoch Fuller House is an historic octagon house located at 72 Pine Street in Stoneham, Massachusetts. The two story wood-frame house was built c. 1850 for Enoch Fuller, a friend of P. T. Barnum, and is topped by a low pitch roof with a central cupola. There is a single story porch that wraps around the entire building. The porch is supported by chamfered posts decorated with drop pendant brackets, and has a cut baluster rail. The roof lines of the porch, main roof, and cupola, are all studded with paired brackets.</p><br>
<p>On April 13, 1984, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The Edward A. Brackett House is a historic octagon house at 290 Highland Avenue in Winchester, Massachusetts. Built in the early 1850s by sculptor Edward Augustus Brackett, and based on popular plans described by Orson Squire Fowler, it is Winchester&#39;s only octagonal house. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Brackett House is set back from the east side of Highland Avenue, a north–south route through the east side of Winchester. The house, as built in the early 1850s, is a distinctive design made by Brackett, an eccentric artist and naturalist, that adhered fairly closely to recommendations of Orson Squire Fowler in the first edition of The Octagon House: A Home for All, the work which set off a brief period of interest in those houses. It consisted of a series of four interlocking octagons, with varying heights and roof lines to create interesting visual effects. A fifth octagonal unit was added by Brackett in c. 1900 which added a shed space on the first floor and a bedroom on the second, along with a veranda. The building was originally finished in vertical board-and-batten siding and trimmed with then-fashionable Italianate brackets under its eaves, but these features were removed during the 1900 renovations, and the building exterior was redone in stucco.</p><br>
<h2>Edward A. Brackett</h2><br>
<p>Edward Brackett was a distinctive local personality, trained as a sculptor but also a poet and conservationist. He established a fish hatchery nearby, and ran a commercial nursery. He lived in the house until his death in 1908.</p><br>
<p>The Elias Crawford House is an historic octagon house located in Worcester, Massachusetts. It is one of two such houses in the city. The house was built sometime in the 1850s for an unknown owner; its first owner of record was Elias Crawford, a textile manufacturer, in 1870. It is a two-story frame house, with a wraparound porch, supported by chamfered posts, covering a portion of the first floor. A service wing was added to its rear  in the 19th century, and there is a stable on the property that appears to date to the time of the house.</p><br>
<p>The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>Cedar Springs Historic District is a historic district in Abbeville and Greenwood Counties in South Carolina. It has three contributing properties. It is located at the intersection of Abbeville County Road 33, Greenwood County Road 112, and Greenwood County Road 47. The buildings were built between 1820 and 1856.</p><br>
<h2>Stagecoach Inn</h2><br>
<p>Stagecoach Inn is a two-story log building that was built around 1820. The building has a gabled, standing-seam metal roof. The porch along the original facade has been enclosed. This building has been altered. Its log walls are covered with shiplap siding. It is believed to have been a stop on a stagecoach line.</p><br>
<h2>Frazier-Pressley House</h2><br>
<p>The Frazier-Pressley House is a three-story, stuccoed brick building. It is believed that it was built for Captain James W. Frazier in 1852 to 1856. The house has three octagonal elements joined with a connecting hallway. There is a two-story, brick extension to the rear. The facade has four three-story brick columns. The house has five brick chimneys. It originally had a widow&#39;s walk on the top of the central octagon. The house has eleven major rooms. Each of the floors of each octagon is a single room. The plan of the house is believed to be unique in the United States.</p><br>
<h2>Cedar Springs ARP Church</h2><br>
<p>Cedar Springs ARP Church is a rectangular, brick church with hip roof. The brickwork is common bond with bonding every sixth course. The foundation is stone. This church was built circa 1853 to replace an earlier framed church. A single story, brick wing was added in the 1940s to the rear of the church. The church cemetery is adjacent to the church.</p><br>
<p>The Hiram Ramsdell House, also called the Octagon House, is an historic octagonal house located at High and Perham streets in Farmington, Maine. Built in 1858 by mason Cyrus Ramsdell, it was added to the United States National Register of Historic Places on December 4, 1973.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Octagon House was inspired by the octagon house designs of Orson Squire Fowler. Fowler thought that a round shape was conducive to better air circulation and socialization. The Hiram Ramsdell House has an eight-sided glass cupola over the central staircase. The first floor has five rooms around the core while there are seven bedrooms on the second floor.</p><br>
<p>Cyrus Ramsdell occupied the house for 10 years before he sold the property to his brother Hiram Ramsdell who resided there until he died in 1903. The house became apartments in the 20th century and fell into disrepair. In 1912, Farmington Normal School (today the University of Maine at Farmington) principal Wilbert G. Mallett bought the house.</p><br>
<p>On February 26, 2012, the owner of the house, Deborah Mallett Cressall, died, and her family offered the Farmington Historical Society the chance to buy the house at a steeply reduced price. The Farmington Historical Society received a May 30, 2013 deadline, to buy the house and quickly began a money-raising campaign requiring $250,000 to buy the home. That money would also fund the renovations to the roof and drainage work. The Farmington Historical Society acquired the house in May 2013.</p><br>
<p>The Pressey House is a historic octagon house in Oakland, Maine. Built in 1855, it is one of a small number of octagon houses in the state and one of the only ones with Greek Revival styling. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977. It houses a bed and breakfast inn.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Pressey House is in Oakland&#39;s village center on the south side of Belgrade Road (Maine State Route 11), overlooking the northernmost tip of Messalonskee Lake. Its main block is a two-story wood-frame octagon, from which an ell extends to the rear, joining it to a barn. All parts are finished in wooden clapboards and rest on a granite-block foundation. The street-facing front facade has pairs of sash windows on each floor, while most of the remaining sides have single sash windows. The main entrance is in the angled side just left of the front facade, is flanked by sidelight windows and Doric pilasters, and is topped by an entablature and cornice.</p><br>
<p>The house was built sometime between 1854 and 1858 by H.T. Pressey, inspired by the works of Orson Squire Fowler, who promoted the design and construction of octagonal houses, which were a fad for about thirty years. Since many were built later in the period of the fad, they tend to have Italianate or Late Victorian features; this one, built during the earlier years of the fad, is unusual for having Greek Revival features.</p><br>
<p>Abbeville Historic District is a historic district in Abbeville, South Carolina. It includes several properties listed separately in the National Register of Historic Places, including the Abbeville County Courthouse and the Abbeville Opera House. The district was listed in National Register on September 14, 1972.</p><br>
<p>Originally, it was roughly bounded by Seaboard Coastline RR, SR 72, Rickey, Haight, Hemphill and Haigler Sts.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The district includes a large portion of Abbeville, the county seat of Abbeville County. The city, formed in the late 18th century, played a role in the political history of the area, including one of the first public meetings regarding succession from the Union, a precursor to the Civil War. Most of the commercial buildings in the district are representative of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, primarily due to three large fires in 1872 - 1873. The subsequent redevelopment gave the town square its present appearance.</p><br>
<p>The original nomination form included sixteen sites that contributed to the historical significance of the district. These buildings included a mix of residential (ten) and commercial (five) structures, and greenspace (one):</p><br>
<p>Abbeville Press and Banner Building</p><br>
<p>Ace Hardware Building (1831)</p><br>
<p>Old Bank Building</p><br>
<p>Abbeville Opera House</p><br>
<p>Abbeville County Courthouse (1903)</p><br>
<p>The Burt House (c. 1830)</p><br>
<p>Secession Hill</p><br>
<p>Trinity Episcopal Church (1860)</p><br>
<p>Quay-Adams House</p><br>
<p>Wardlaw-Klugh House (1831)</p><br>
<p>Lee-Reid House (1885)</p><br>
<p>McGowan-Barksdale House (1888)</p><br>
<p>Gary-Harris-Wren House (1885)</p><br>
<p>Harris House (1886)</p><br>
<p>Gary-DuPree House (c. 1885)</p><br>
<p>Shillito-Townsend House (c. 1830)</p><br>
<p>The boundary increase that occurred on May 7, 1984, added numerous properties to the district. The district now contains 37 properties of significance, 282 supporting properties, and 209 non-contributing properties for a total of 528 sites. Most of the structures are still standing, although the addresses used in the nomination form may have changed.</p><br>
<p>The Capt. George Scott House, also known locally as the Octagon House and the Collar Box House, is an historic octagon house on Federal Street in Wiscasset, Maine. Built in 1855, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places on February 23, 1972.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Scott House stands on the east side of Federal Street, overlooking the Sheepscot River to the east, a short way north of the center of Wiscasset. It is a -story masonry structure, built out of brick with sandstone trim. A single wood-frame ell extends to the rear of the house, toward the river, where it is joined to a barn that appears to be 5/8 of an octagon. The main block is covered by an eight-sided roof with an octagonal cupola at its center, with extended eaves adorned with modillions. The main entrance faces the street, and is sheltered by a porch supported by four chamfered square posts and covered by a modillioned roof. Windows are set in rectangular openings, with small single-pane windows in the upper half-story that have rounded corners. The interior retains many original features, and remnants of others, such as a part of a dumbwaiter used to bring food from the original basement kitchen to the dining room.</p><br>
<p>The house was built in 1855, and was inspired by the work of Orson Squire Fowler, who promoted the design and construction of octagon houses, resulting in a construction fad in the 1850s and 1860s. It was built for George Scott, a Wiscasset native and successful ships captain. A later resident was Edith Augusta Sawyer, an author of childrens books.</p><br>
<p>The Randall House built in 1870 by William Randall is an historic octagon house located at 5927 Treasurer Road in Mayville, Michigan. On November 7, 1976, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places. It remains a private residence.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>William Randall was born in Canada in 1815. In 1850 he married Harriet Primrose, and the couple had four children. Randall was employed as an itinerant carpenter, and worked on projects in Chicago and St. Louis and other places. In 1865, he retired to this location in Michigan, and took up farming. In 1870, he began building this house with help from local carpenters. The Randalls moved in two years later.</p><br>
<p>William Randall died in 1882, and his land passed to his oldest son, Henry, and his wife Harriet. When Harriet died, her land and the house passed to the Randall&#39;s son Grant. He and his wife occupied the house until their deaths, after which the house was vacant.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Randall House is a two-story balloon frame octagon topped with a cupola, with a one-story rectangular-shaped gable-roof wing on one side. The wing is the original house on the property, incorporated into later construction. The house measures about forty feet long by twenty-eight feet wide. A flat-roof runs around seven sides of the building. Doors are on the north and west sides, and the windows are two by two double-hung sash units. The cupola windows are single Gothic style units.</p><br>
<p>On the interior, the rooms are small, the largest about twelve by fifteen feet. The main floor contains a kitchen and attached pantry, a library since converted</p><br>
<p>into a bathroom, and two parlors. In the center of the house, a circular stair leads to the second floor, where the bedrooms are located, and to</p><br>
<p>the cupola above.</p><br>
<p>The James L. Lawther House is an octagon house in Red Wing, Minnesota, United States. The owner, James Lawther, built it after he visited Dubuque, Iowa and toured the Langworthy House there. At the time, the Langworthy House was the grandest house of its type on the upper Mississippi River. The Lawther House was built in 1857, with an addition in 1870. Its location, at the corner of Third and Hill Streets, has been termed "one of the most architecturally significant intersections in Minnesota" and is part of the Red Wing Residential Historic District. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>James Lawther was a successful businessman and merchant in Red Wing. Besides the house, he built the Gladstone Building in downtown. He also contributed to civic causes such as the Carnegie-Lawther Library, the YMCA, and the park on Barn Bluff. The Gladstone Building is listed on the National Register, and the library is a contributing property to the Red Wing Mall Historic District.</p><br>
<p>Now serving as a bed and breakfast, the all-brick home features an ornate cupola and central chimney.</p><br>
<p>The Other C. Wamsley House built in 1909 is an historic octagon house located at 200 North 5th Street in Hamilton, Montana, United States. On August 26, 1988, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>It is a two-story wood-frame house built on a rubble stone foundation. It has a wraparound front porch, and a one-story portion to the rear may once have been an open porch. Porch pillars are Doric columns on stone piers.</p><br>
<p>It was home for Other C. Wamsley, a contractor and carpenter, during 1908 to 1918. A 1987 inventory writeup notes:The unusual architecture discloses the inquiring mind possessed by Mr. Wamsley who was also unafraid to attempt the unusual. Mr. Wamsley had served in the armed forces. He initiated the first civic Hallowe&#39;en celebration here and the Community Sing during World War I.</p><br>
<p>The Inkwell, also known as The Octagon House, is an historic octagonal house located at 30868 US 264 in Engelhard, North Carolina on Lake Mattamuskeet. It was built about 1857 by Dr. William T. Sparrow. The house is an eight-sided, two-story, frame dwelling, sitting on a brick pier foundation. Its boardwall construction and use of verticals only around the doors and windows follows Howlands cottage design in Orson S. Fowlers 1848 book entitled The Octagon House, a Home for All. A restoration of the Octagon House in the 1980s returned its appearance to its earlier conception using plaster interior walls, a stuccoed exterior and a wood shingle roof. The house features a central octagonal chimney of stuccoed brick.</p><br>
<p>On September 1, 1978, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places. It is located in the Lake Landing Historic District.</p><br>
<p>A Mattamuskeet apple orchard has been planted on the grounds of The Octagon House. Trees were grafted from the wood of surviving fruit trees that were featured in nursery catalogues of the area during the mid-19th century.</p><br>
<p>Several Open Houses are held throughout the year and special group tours may be arranged by appointment.</p><br>
<p>The Dr. Buck–Stevens House, also known as the Octagon House is an historic octagonal house located on West Main Street in Brasher Falls, in the town of Brasher, St. Lawrence County, New York. It was built between 1855 and 1857 by Dr. Nathan Buck and his wife Elmira, who lived in it until 1867; John Stevens was one of many later owners. It is a two-story residence on a raised basement. It is constructed of stuccoed concrete rusticated to resemble cut stone masonry. It has a two-story portico and is topped by a cupola.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>The Newton Homestead is a historic octagon house located on Ridge Road in the South Otselic hamlet of the town of Otselic, Chenango County, New York. It was built about 1860 by Leroy and Courtland Newton, and is a two-story, rubble filled concrete building sheathed in stucco. It has a hipped roof topped by an octagonal wooden cupola. Today it is a private residence but was for years the Gladding International Sport Fishing Museum.</p><br>
<p>On June 3, 1982, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The Charles Butler House is a historic octagon house in the city of Franklin, Ohio, United States. Constructed during the middle of the nineteenth century, it was originally home to one of the city&#39;s most prominent men, and it has been named a historic site due to its unusual design.</p><br>
<p>In its earliest years, the city of Franklin was heavily influenced by the Schenck family, who sponsored much of its early development. A member of a later generation of the family, John N. Schenck, arranged for the construction of the present house in 1860. At the time, Orson Squire Fowlers ideal of the octagon house was at the height of its popularity, and Schencks use of the style demonstrates his wealth at the time. Rather than living in it, Schenck gave it to his daughter and son-in-law, Charles Butler, who occupied a leading place in Franklin&#39;s governmental and commercial circles.</p><br>
<p>Built of brick, the Butler House is covered with a metal roof. The architecture includes numerous distinctive details, including the four-over-four windows placed in pairs, the wooden cornice with brackets, and the molding around the lintels. Because the house sits atop a small hill, a person inside is able to view a panorama of the city as well as the Great Miami River.</p><br>
<p>In 1982, the Butler House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, qualifying because of its distinctive architecture; it is one of four National Register-listed locations in the city, along with the prehistoric Hill-Kinder Mound, the Mackinaw Historic District, and the Old Log Post Office. Significant to its designation was its rarity; it is one of two octagon houses in Franklin, but only one other such house remains anywhere else in southwestern Ohio, although the Goldsmith Coffeen House in Lebanon is built as a hexagon.</p><br>
<p>The John Hosford House is a historic octagon house located along USA Route 20 in Monroeville, Ohio, United States. Built at an unknown point in the mid-nineteenth century, it has been named a historic site.</p><br>
<p>Monroeville&#39;s first settlers arrived in 1816, and the village was platted in the following year, but incorporation was achieved only in 1868. During the years of slow growth, merchant John Hosford settled in the community, and he accumulated enough wealth to erect a fanning mill in the village in 1870. By this time, he had built his house in a style popular for only a short while, the octagon mode; its precise date of construction is uncertain, with traditional accounts specifying 1856 and later studies suggesting 1862.</p><br>
<p>Hosford&#39;s house is a brick structure with ancillary elements of concrete. A true octagon, it features two windows on each side; a veranda adorns the sides facing the street, and a belvedere crowns the roof. The overall design mixes architectural styles; Greek Revival influence is clear in the construction of the main entrance, but the rest of the house is dominated by the Italianate style, including the arches and braces that lend the veranda the appearance of an arcade. Inside, each floor consists of five chambers: a spiral staircase at the center, surrounded by four rectangular rooms.</p><br>
<p>In May 1974, the John Hosford House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, qualifying based on its historically significant architecture. It was added to the Register little more than two months after Huron County&#39;s first such locations, the John Wright Mansion near Bellevue and the West Main Street Historic District in Norwalk. Two other buildings in Monroeville, the Seth Brown House and Zion Episcopal Church, were listed on the Register on the same day and the Hosford House.</p><br>
<p>The Judge Henry L. Benson House, built in 1892, is an historic octagon house located at 137 High Street in Klamath Falls, Oregon. In 1981 it was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>It is a two-story frame house, built to a T-shaped plan with two symmetrical octagonal towers. The towers have conical roofs topped by "witches caps" and wood spires with finials. It was home of Judge Henry Lamdin Benson during 1898 to 1921. Benson was Speaker of the Oregon House of Representatives. He served as a State Supreme Court Justice from 1915 until his death in 1921.</p><br>
<p>The Sweetest Heart of Mary Roman Catholic Church is located at 4440 Russell Street  in Detroit, Michigan, in the Forest Park neighborhood on the city&#39;s central East side. It was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1974 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978. It, along with St. Albertus Roman Catholic Church, 0.4 miles east on East Canfield Street, and St. Josaphat Roman Catholic Church, 0.3 miles west at East Canfield Street and Chrysler Drive, served the large Polish community through most of the twentieth century. In a diocesan reorganization instituted by Archbishop Allen Vigneron in 2013, Sweetest Heart of Mary joined with St. Josephat to form Mother of Divine Mercy Parish.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The rise of Detroit brought in many Polish immigrants into the city in the 19th century; by the mid-1850s, the number of Polish families who had settled in the city was significant. These émigrés from Poland first attended St. Joseph&#39;s parish, which was at the time a German-speaking church. However, the Polish congregants were dissatisfied, and agitated for a Polish church. In 1871, three hundred or so Polish families organized St. Albertus Parish and built a frame church at St. Aubin and Canfield Avenue. In 1882, the charismatic Father became pastor of St. Albertus. Kolasinski organized the parish to construct the present St. Albertus Church, which was dedicated in 1885. In November 1885, the parish became factionalized and Kolasinski was reassigned. When Reverend John Foley became the new Bishop of Detroit in 1888, Kolasinski returned to the city and began the Parish of the Sweetest Heart of Mary outside the jurisdiction of the Detroit Diocese. Shortly afterward, the congregation added the school structure on Canfield, which still stands behind the church.</p><br>
<p>Kolasinski negotiated to bring his flock, numbering nearly 4,000 families, into the fold of the Catholic Church. The Panic of 1893 hit the parish hard. Parish members secured a loan in order to keep the building. Eventually, Rome directed the bishop of Detroit to make peace with Kolasinski, and the congregation of the Sweetest Heart of Mary was officially received into the Diocese of Detroit on February 18, 1894.</p><br>
<p>Kolasinski died in 1898. He was temporarily succeeded by the Kashubian priest Rev. Jan Romuald Byzewski OFM, previously pastor of Detroit&#39;s Saint Francis of Assisi Parish. When Father Byzewski rejoined the Franciscan Order in 1899, he was succeeded by the assistant, Rev. Joseph Folta, who served as pastor until 1919. Father Folta built a second school, constructed a permanent rectory, and built an ornamental fence about the church. Folta was succeeded by Rev. Joseph Casimir Plagens, who served at Sweetest Heart from 1919 until 1935, and later became Bishop of Marquette and then Bishop of Grand Rapids. Plagens added embellishments to the church interior and built a permanent convent for the Sisters of St. Joseph, who staffed the parish school.</p><br>
<p>During Father Plagens&#39;s tenure, the parish flourished. The church school was filled with almost 1,500 pupils, and the church was the social as well as spiritual center of the community. Over time, with shifting demographics, membership waned. This trend accelerated through the tenures of the next three pastors: Monsignor Michael Grupa (1935 to 1949), Rev. Adam Koprowski (1949 to 1959), and Rev. Boguslaus Poznański (1959 to 1976).</p><br>
<p>In 1976, Rev. Bohdan Kosicki joined Sweetest Heart, began a building restoration, and implemented a plan which revived church membership. He reached out and established ties to earlier parishioners, raising funds for the restoration. The stained glass windows and organ were restored, and much of the main altar was renovated. In addition, the convent and fencing were restored, the second school building was demolished, and the historic old school building was stabilized. Kosicki&#39;s work was carried on through the tenure of Rev. Alphons Gorecki, who served from 1981 through 2002. Other work included refurbishing the interior, repairing plasterwork and statues, and upgrading electrical wiring.</p><br>
<p>From 2002 until early 2010, Fr. Mark A. Borkowski was pastor and continued the restoration and revival of Sweetest Heart of Mary. During this period the Annual Pierogi Festival greatly expanded to become the largest religious festival in the City of Detroit. July 1, 2011, Fr. Darrell Roman became the new administrator in addition to being administrator for the other two churches in the cluster, St. Joseph and St. Josaphat.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>In 1890, construction began on "what would become the largest Catholic Church in Michigan." Spier and Rohns designed the present structure. Kolasinski had formed the parish and raised the building funds for the rapidly growing parish. The cornerstone-laying ceremony was held on June 5, 1892, and on December 24, 1893, after construction costs of over $125,000, the church was officially dedicated. More than 10,000 people attended the dedication ceremony.</p><br>
<p>Sweetest Heart of Mary is one of the largest Gothic Revival churches in the Midwest, and perhaps the most impressive. The church is constructed of red brick in a cruciform shape with a cross gabled roof. The facade on Russell boasts a rusticated stone lower level with a triple portal, a pointed arch structure, and a stone balustrade atop everything. Two towers flank the entrance, topped with identical spires, which are capped with buttresses and detailed with crosses.</p><br>
<p>The church includes several impressive stained glass windows created by Detroit Stained Glass Works, the successor to the well known firm of Friederichs and Staffin. The major transept window illustrates the Holy Family in Saint Josephs workshop. Eight windows lining the nave portray Christ, Mary, and several saints; this set of windows won a major prize at the 1893 Worlds Columbian Exposition in Chicago.</p><br>
<p>There are three related buildings—a large rectory, a convent that could house several dozen religious sisters, and a large school building—which make up a local historic district.</p><br>
<p>The 1893 Austin pipe organ Opus No. 2 (2 manuals and 20 ranks) is the oldest Austin Organ still in service, and the oldest surviving electro-pneumatic in the state of Michigan.</p><br>
<p>The Lukens Pierce House, also known as the Fallowfield Octagonal House. is an historic octagon house which is located northwest of Ercildoun on Wilmington Road in East Fallowfield Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on March 14, 1973.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>This building was constructed of stuccoed fieldstone and has a cupola. There are four large rectangular rooms and four smaller triangular rooms on each floor.</p><br>
<p>On March 14, 1973, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>Ercildoun, population about 100, is an unincorporated community in East Fallowfield Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania, United States. The hamlet was founded by Quakers and was an early center of the abolitionist movement. In 1985 the entire hamlet, including 31 properties, was listed as a historic district on the National Register of Historic Places. Of these properties two were vacant land, 14 were significant buildings, ten were contributing buildings, and five buildings, built in the 1950s, were non-contributing.</p><br>
<p>The name "Ercildoun" was taken from the poem, "Thomas the Rhymer" by Sir Walter Scott when the hamlet&#39;s post office opened in 1850, but it was misspelled "Ercildown" until 1854. The main character in the poem was Thomas of Ercildoun, from Ercildoune, Scotland.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Land in the current hamlet was first settled by Quaker farmers in the final years of the eighteenth century. In 1811 the current Fallowfields Friends Meeting House was built, which, with the adjoining cemetery, People&#39;s Hall, and the former post office - now a grocery store, forms the center of town. Arising from Quaker beliefs, the abolitionist East Fallowfield Anti-Slavery Society was formed in 1835 with James Fulton Jr. as the recording secretary, and 33 other members. Fulton became active as an officer of the county and state anti-slavery societies and attended national meetings on abolition. In its first annual report the Society stated that they had distributed 3,000 books and tracts and gathered signatures petitioning Congress to abolish slavery in the District of Columbia and the territories.</p><br>
<p>The Anti-Slavery Society met in the Fallowfield Meetinghouse until the winter of 1844, when Abby Kelley and Charles Burleigh spoke at a meeting that was broken up by a mob of anti-abolitionists. About this time abolitionist halls were burned down in Philadelphia and Lancaster, both less than 40 miles away. The Quaker Meeting membership then banned the Anti-Slavery group from its meetinghouse. In 1845 an association of abolitionists purchased the land and built a hall next to the Meetinghouse, which they called the Free Hall and later the People&#39;s Hall.</p><br>
<p>Ercildoun became known as center of the Underground Railroad with groups as large as 33 escaped slaves passing through town. Ercildoun&#39;s location about 15 miles north of the slave state of Maryland contributed to this activity, and the hamlet fed both the northern and southern Pennsylvania branches of the Underground Railroad both before and during the Civil War. Gideon Pierce and James Fulton, Jr. were among the best known local conductors of the Underground Railroad. Escaped slave Jacob Carter and his brothers Joseph and Richard passed through during their escape. Jacob later bought land and began his ministry in the hamlet.</p><br>
<p>After the Civil War, former slaves settled in the hamlet and People&#39;s Hall served as a grange, church, library, town hall and housed the Fallowfield Historical Society.</p><br>
<p>Gideon Pierce built a store on across from the Friends Meeting House in 1818. The Webster family bought the store in 1863 and operated it until 1987. The store still stands and remains active today as Triple Fresh Market. The name "Ercildoun" was first used by Pierce when his store housed the village&#39;s post office in 1850.</p><br>
<p>The July 1877 "Ercildoun Tornado" was so violent that it was the subject of a lecture at the French Academy of Sciences in 1878. Fourteen buildings were destroyed.</p><br>
<p>In 1894 an African-American congregation built the Christ Disciple Church.</p><br>
<p>Peoples Hall bnw.jpgPeople&#39;s hall exterior</p><br>
<h2>Notable people</h2><br>
<p>Smedley Darlington</p><br>
<p>Rebecca Lukens</p><br>
<p>William Chester Ruth</p><br>
<p>Charlotte Moore Sitterly</p><br>
